Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a serious complication of diabetes that can lead to end-
stage kidney disease. Despite its significant impact, most research has concentrated on the …

Intestinal immunity and homeostasis are maintained through the regulation of cytokine
trafficking, microbiota, necrosis and apoptosis. Intestinal immunity and homeostasis …

CD40 induces pro-inflammatory responses in endothelial and Müller cells and is required
for the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). CD40 is upregulated in these cells in …

Background: IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a major cause of chronic glomerulonephritis
worldwide. T cell dysregulation has been reported to contribute to the pathogenesis of IgAN …

Abstract Background/Aim: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is used in the
differential diagnosis of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY)-3, but other …

Abstract Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut microbiota-derived metabolite and TNF-α
is proinflammatory cytokine, both known to be associated with renal inflammation, fibrosis …

Antibodies targeting the CD40-CD40L pathway have great potential for treating autoimmune
diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), lupus nephritis (LN) …

The CD40 receptor and its ligand CD154 are widely expressed in various immune-
competent cells. Interaction of CD154 with CD40 is essential for B-cell growth …

Historically, the classification of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) was based on
histopathology alone, with minimal change disease and especially focal segmental …

Abstract Anti–N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis (anti-NMDARE) is a B cell-and
antibody-mediated autoimmune disease which may be regulated by CD40/CD40L signaling …