Numerous studies have demonstrated that endothelial cells are capable of undergoing
endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT), a newly recognized type of cellular …

Fibrosis denotes excessive scarring, which exceeds the normal wound healing response to
injury in many tissues. Although the extracellular matrix deposition appears unstructured …

Endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a complex biological process that gives
rise to cells with multipotent potential. EndMT is essential for the formation of the …

Background Scar formation is a common consequence of skin wound healing, and no
effective treatment exists. Umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs) can …

Cardiac fibrosis is central to the pathology of heart failure, particularly heart failure with
preserved ejection fraction (HF p EF). Irrespective of the underlying profibrotic condition (eg …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling is essential in embryo development and
maintaining normal homeostasis. Extensive evidence shows that TGF-β activation acts on …

Inhalation of silica particles is an environmental and occupational cause of silicosis, a type
of pneumoconiosis. Development of the lung silicosis is a unique process in which the …

The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of
rapamycin (mTOR)-dependent pathway is one of the most integral pathways linked to cell …

Though skin fibroblasts (FB) are the main cell population within the dermis, the different skin
FB subsets are not well characterized and the traditional classification into reticular and …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive disease with high mortality that
commonly occurs in middle-aged and older adults. IPF, characterized by a decline in lung …