The defining feature of the Gram-negative cell envelope is the presence of two cellular
membranes, with the specialized glycolipid lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exclusively found on …

Helicobacter pylori is the first formally recognized bacterial carcinogen and is one of the
most successful human pathogens, as over half of the world's population is colonized with …

Little is known about how interactions of diet, intestinal stem cells (ISCs), and immune cells
affect early-stage intestinal tumorigenesis. We show that a high-fat diet (HFD) reduces the …

Polymorphisms of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) are associated with an increased risk of solid
malignancies. Here, we show that stomach-specific expression of human IL-1β in transgenic …

Humans have been colonized by Helicobacter pylori for at least 50,000 years and probably
throughout their evolution. H. pylori has adapted to humans, colonizing children and …

Since the publication of the Janeway's Pattern Recognition hypothesis in 1989, study of
pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and their immuno-stimulatory activities …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also referred to as endotoxin, is the major component of Gram-
negative bacteria's outer cell wall. It is one of the main types of pathogen-associated …

Gram‐negative bacterial peptidoglycan is specifically recognized by the host intracellular
sensor NOD1, resulting in the generation of innate immune responses. Although epithelial …

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a cell wall component characteristic of Gram-negative
bacteria, is a representative pathogen-associated molecular pattern that allows mammalian …

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection causes chronic gastritis and peptic ulceration and is
the strongest risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. The pathogenesis of H. pylori …