The vascular blood–brain barrier is a highly regulated interface between the blood and
brain. Its primary function is to protect central neurons while signaling the presence of …

An excess of saturated fatty acids and simple sugars in the diet is a known environmental
risk factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD) but the holistic view of the interacting processes …

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease characterized by an enduring propensity for
generation of seizures. The pathogenic processes of seizure generation and recurrence are …

Cerebral edema (CE) and resultant intracranial hypertension are associated with
unfavorable prognosis in traumatic brain injury (TBI). CE is a leading cause of in-hospital …

Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is a water channel expressed on astrocytic endfeet in the brain. The
role of AQP4 has been studied in health and in a range of pathological conditions. Interest in …

Glial cells are non-neuronal cells in the nervous system that are crucial for proper brain
development and function. Three major classes of glia in the central nervous system (CNS) …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of fatality and disability worldwide.
Despite its high prevalence, effective treatment strategies for TBI are limited. Traumatic brain …

Abstract The Na–K–2Cl cotransporter NKCC1 and the neuron-specific K–Cl cotransporter
KCC2 are considered attractive CNS drug targets because altered neuronal chloride …

The glymphatic system (GS) is a novel defined brain-wide perivascular transit network
between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial solutes that facilitates the clearance of …

Abstract Aquaporin 4 (AQP4)-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-
IgG+ NMOSD) is an autoimmune astrocytopathic disease pathologically characterized by …