Due to the presence of large surfaces and high blood supply, drug delivery through the
nasal route of administration is the appropriate route to administrate drugs with rapid onsets …

Background and objectives: Breakthrough pain (BTP) is a transitory flare of moderate-to-
severe pain that occurs in patients with stable, controlled persistent pain. Management of …

Aim: This study aims to describe the current approach to intubation premedication in
neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Australia and New Zealand Methods: A literature …

We present the case of a 3-month-old girl who had unrepaired Tetralogy of Fallot who
presented to the emergency department with an acute hypoxic episode. The patient was …

Intravenous fentanyl citrate has stood the test of time as a valuable formulation for pain
management. The desirable physicochemical properties of fentanyl have allowed the …

Background: Although acetaminophen is used to reduce pain after breast reduction or
augmentation surgery, pain during the removal of the surgical drains is typically not …

Background Prompt and effective analgesia is a mainstay of emergency department (ED)
medicine; however, it is often delayed in times of overcrowding and by the need to establish …

Introduction Removal of mandibular third molars surgically is one of the most frequently
performed oral surgical procedures which are often accompanied with post-operative pain …

Breakthrough cancer pain (BCP) is common in patients with cancer, causing a negative
impairment in quality of life. Recent diagnostic criteria allow for differentiation of background …

Opioids are used to treat breakthrough cancer pain (BTCP) and can be classified by relative
duration and onset of action. Regulatory approvals of numerous transmucosal immediate …