Despite the development of highly effective treatments for relapsing–remitting multiple
sclerosis (MS), limited progress has been made in addressing primary progressive or …

Remyelination failure contributes to axonal loss and progression of disability in multiple
sclerosis. The failed repair process could be due to ongoing toxic neuroinflammation and to …

Osteopontin (OPN) also known by its official gene designation secreted phosphoprotein‐1
(SPP1) is a fascinating, multifunctional protein expressed in a number of cell types that …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, inflammatory neurodegenerative disease of the
central nervous system characterized by demyelination and axonal damage. Diagnosis and …

The advent of in situ immunology and intravital analyses of leukocyte movement in tissues
has drawn attention to the previously neglected extracellular matrix (ECM) and its role in …

The classification of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been established by Lublin in 1996 and
revised in 2013. The revision includes clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting …

Osteopontin (OPN) is a matricellular protein that mediates diverse biological functions. OPN
is involved in normal physiological processes and is implicated in the pathogenesis of a …

Eighty percent of individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) initially develop a clinical pattern
with periodic relapses followed by remissions, called relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). This …

Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional molecule highly expressed in chronic inflammatory
and autoimmune diseases, and it is specifically localized in and around inflammatory cells …

Biomarkers can be thought of as multifaceted indicators of healthy status or of pathological
disorders. The study of multiple sclerosis can benefit from the use of biomarkers because of …