Despite the success of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade by angiotensin-converting
enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blockers, current …

Multiple types of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers exist, allowing interference with
the system at the level of renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme, or the angiotensin II …

A local renin–angiotensin system (RAS) may be suggested by evidence of gene expression
of RAS components within the tissue as well as physiological responsiveness of this gene …

Background—Activation of the renin-angiotensin and sympathetic nervous systems
adversely affect heart failure progression. The ACE deletion allele (ACE D) is associated …

Objectives: We evaluated the interaction of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
therapy with the effect of the ACE D/I polymorphism on heart failure survival. Background …

Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an inherited disease of the sarcomere
characterised clinically by myocardial hypertrophy and its consequences. Phenotypic …

The concept of local renin–angiotensin systems has been introduced almost 20 years ago to
explain the beneficial blood pressure-independent effects of ACE inhibitors and AT1 …

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a pregnancy complication wherein the fetus fails to reach its
growth potential. The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is a critical regulator of placental …

Since the first description of the angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion
polymorphism more than a decade ago, many hundreds of investigations have reported …

Angiotensin (Ang)-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are widely used for the treatment of
cardiovascular diseases. Not all patients respond to ACE inhibitors, and it has been …