This review covers the structures and genetics of the 46 O antigens of Salmonella, a major
pathogen of humans and domestic animals. The variation in structures underpins the …

Bacteriophage genomes rapidly evolve via mutation and horizontal gene transfer to counter
evolving bacterial host defenses; such arms race dynamics should lead to divergence …

This study investigated the antimicrobial resistance determinants, virulence factors and
identified serovars in 37 Salmonella enterica strains isolated from human stool and …

The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major constituent of the outer leaflet of the outer
membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Its lipid A moiety is embedded in the membrane and …

LPS consists of a relatively conserved region of lipid A and core oligosaccharide and a
highly variable region of O-antigen polysaccharide. Whereas lipid A is known to bind to the …

Background Phage therapy, reemerging as a promising approach to counter antimicrobial-
resistant infections, relies on a comprehensive understanding of the specificity of individual …

Innate immunity is an evolutionarily ancient form of host defense that serves to limit infection.
The invading microorganisms are detected by the innate immune system through germline …

Yersinia enterocolitica (Ye) is a Gram-negative bacterium; Ye serotype O: 3 expresses
lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with a hexasaccharide branch known as the outer core (OC). The …

Phage tailspike proteins are depolymerases that target diverse bacterial surface glycans
with high specificity, determining the host-specificity of numerous phages. To address the …

The O-specific polysaccharide (OPS) is a variable constituent of the lipopolysaccharide of
Gram-negative bacteria. The polymorphic nature of OPSs within a species is usually first …