Climate warming is considered to be among the most serious of anthropogenic stresses to
the environment, because it not only has direct effects on biodiversity, but it also exacerbates …

Nutritional symbionts play a major role in the ecology and evolution of insects. The recent
accumulation of knowledge on the identity, function, genomics, and phylogenetic …

It has been known for centuries that microorganisms are ubiquitous in the atmosphere,
where they are capable of long-distance dispersal. Likewise, it is well-established that these …

Life on Earth has evolved from initial simplicity to the astounding complexity we experience
today. Bacteria and archaea have largely excelled in metabolic diversification, but …

In recent years the human microbiome has become a growing area of research and it is
becoming clear that the microbiome of humans plays an important role for human health …

Microbiomes have highly important roles for ecosystem functioning and carry out key
functions that support planetary health, including nutrient cycling, climate regulation, and …

Herbivory, defined as feeding on live plant tissues, is characteristic of highly successful and
diverse groups of insects and represents an evolutionarily derived mode of feeding. Plants …

Insects are associated with multiple microbes that have been reported to influence various
aspects of their biology. Most studies in insects, including pest species, focus on the …

Many animals depend on microbial symbionts to provide nutrition, defence or other services.
Holometabolous insects, as well as other animals that undergo metamorphosis, face unique …

The majority of insect species consume plants, many of which produce chemical toxins that
defend their tissues from attack. How then are herbivorous insects able to develop on a …