The skeletal system is responsible for weight-bearing, organ protection, and movement.
Bone diseases caused by trauma, infection, and aging can seriously affect a patient's quality …

With an increasingly aging society, bone defects and fractures have become significant
threats to human health and quality of life. Currently, autologous and allogeneic bone grafts …

Diabetes mellitus is a chronically inflamed disease that predisposes to delayed fracture
healing. Macrophages play a key role in the process of fracture healing by undergoing …

Natural bone is a composite tissue made of organic and inorganic components, showing
piezoelectricity. Whitlockite (WH), which is a natural magnesium-containing calcium …

Osteoporosis (OP), characterized by decreased bone mass and destruction of bone
microarchitecture, is the most common bone degenerative disease. Conventional treatments …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease characterized by loss of articular cartilage and
chronic inflammation, involving multiple cellular dysfunctions and tissue lesions. The non …

Bone and soft tissue tumors are complex mesenchymal neoplasms that seriously endanger
human health. Over the past decade, the relationship between microorganisms and human …

Currently, biological membrane-derived nanoparticles (NPs) have shown enormous
potential as drug delivery vehicles due to their outstanding biomimetic properties. To make …

The necessity of disease models for bone/cartilage related disorders is well-recognized, but
the barrier between ex-vivo cell culture, animal models and the real human body has been …

Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic bone disease characterized by reduction of bone mass and
destruction of structure, which can easily lead to fragility fractures. Over the past decade, an …