The success of antimicrobial therapy is determined by complex interactions between an
administered drug, a host, and an infecting agent. In a clinical situation, the complexity of …

The two domains in clinical pharmacology dealing with optimizing dosing recommendations
are pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. However, the usefulness of these disciplines …

There is a complex quantitative relationship between the concentrations of antibiotics and
the growth and death rates of bacteria. Despite this complexity, in most cases only a single …

Typical efficacy endpoints have their associated statistical techniques. For example, values
of continuous measurements (eg, blood pressures) require the following statistical …

At the moment, the most common pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) approaches
for anti-infective agents, such as time above MIC, Cmax/MIC and AUC24/MIC, rely on …

In the quest of ways for rationalizing and accelerating drug product development, integrated
pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) concepts provide a highly promising tool …

Mathematical modeling of drug effects maximizes the information gained from an
experiment, provides further insight into the mechanisms of drug effects, and allows for …

In vitro pharmacodynamic (PD) models are used to obtain useful quantitative information on
the effect of either single drugs or drug combinations against bacteria. This review provides …

Fosfomycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic which is established as therapy for uncomplicated
lower urinary tract infections. In addition, preliminary data indicate that fosfomycin has a …

In the present study 24 hospitalized patients requiring empirical antibiotic treatment were
randomly assigned to receive the β-lactam antibiotic/β-lactamase inhibitor combination …