Obesity is a chronic, relapsing condition characterized by excess body fat. Its prevalence
has increased globally since the 1970s, and the number of obese and overweight people is …

Liver X receptors α and β (LXRα and LXRβ) are nuclear receptors with pivotal roles in the
transcriptional control of lipid metabolism. Transcriptional activity of LXRs is induced in …

Fatty acid and fat synthesis in the liver is a highly regulated metabolic pathway that is
important for very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) production and thus energy distribution to …

Lifestyle modifications focused on healthy eating and regular exercise are the primary
recommendations for patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, for …

Thyroid hormone (TH) molecules enter cells via membrane transporters and, depending on
the cell type, can be activated (ie, T4 to T3 conversion) or inactivated (ie, T3 to 3, 3′-diiodo-l …

The nutrient-and growth factor-responsive kinase mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) regulates
many processes that control growth, including protein synthesis, autophagy, and …

Nuclear receptors are integrators of hormonal and nutritional signals, mediating changes to
metabolic pathways within the body. Given that modulation of lipid and glucose metabolism …

Hyperinsulinemia is associated with obesity and pancreatic islet hyperplasia, but whether
insulin causes these phenomena or is a compensatory response has remained unsettled for …

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 19 is an enterokine synthesized and released when bile acids
are taken up into the ileum. We show that FGF19 stimulates hepatic protein and glycogen …

The iodothyronine deiodinases initiate or terminate thyroid hormone action and therefore
are critical for the biological effects mediated by thyroid hormone. Over the years, research …