Empagliflozin is a SGLT2 inhibitor that reduces the concentration of blood glucose by
inhibiting glucose reabsorption and promoting glucose excretion. Interestingly, empagliflozin …

The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway
serves as a paradigm for signal transduction from the extracellular environment to the …

Monocytes and macrophages are part of the body's first line of defence, eliminating
pathogens by phagocytosis or by releasing a broad array of inflammatory mediators, such as …

Itch (or pruritus) was not previously recognized as a serious symptom of psoriasis. However,
approximately 60–90% of psoriatic patients with pruritus have stated that it deteriorates their …

The interleukin (IL)-6/IL-12 family cytokines have pleiotropic functions and play critical roles
in multiple immune responses. This cytokine family has very unique characteristics in that …

Objective Guselkumab, a human monoclonal antibody specific to interleukin‐23p19,
demonstrated efficacy and safety versus placebo through week 24 of the phase III …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a spectrum of immune-mediated inflammatory disorders
with a complex multifactorial pathogenesis, where different pathways may predominate in …

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) is a member of the STAT family
and localizes to the cytoplasm. STAT4 is phosphorylated after a variety of cytokines bind to …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing disease that severely affects
patients' quality of life. The exact cause of IBD is uncertain, but current studies suggest that …

The interleukin 23 (IL-23) is a key pro-inflammatory cytokine in the development of chronic
inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis, inflammatory bowel diseases, multiple sclerosis …