PURPOSE Many patients and physicians remain concerned about the potential detrimental
effects of pregnancy after breast cancer (BC) in terms of reproductive outcomes and …

Background. Birth defects remain a significant source of worldwide morbidity and mortality.
Strong scientific evidence shows that folic acid fortification of a region's food supply leads to …

Background Observational studies have shown that fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal
occlusion (FETO) has been associated with increased survival among infants with severe …

Background Awareness is growing that cancer can be treated during pregnancy, but the
effect of this change on maternal and neonatal outcomes is unknown. The International …

Neural tube defects are severe congenital malformations affecting around one in every 1000
pregnancies. An innovation in clinical management has come from the finding that closure of …

Spina bifida is a birth defect in which the vertebral column is open, often with spinal cord
involvement. The most clinically significant subtype is myelomeningocele (open spina …

Background Congenital malformations can be manifested as combinations of phenotypes
that co-occur more often than expected by chance. In many such cases, it has proved difficult …

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are severe congenital malformations affecting 1 in every 1000
pregnancies.'Open'NTDs result from failure of primary neurulation as seen in anencephaly …

PURPOSE Young women with germline BRCA mutations have unique reproductive
challenges. Pregnancy after breast cancer does not increase the risk of recurrence; …

Pregnancies are rare in women with pituitary adenomas, which may relate to hormone
excess from secretory subtypes such as prolactinomas or corticotroph adenomas …