BACKGROUND: COPD is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States as
well as throughout the rest of the world. An exacerbation of COPD (periodic escalations of …

THE Confederate General “Stonewall” Jackson was one of the earliest known victims of a
respiratory complication after surgery, dying of pneumonia 10 days after an otherwise …

Inhaled antimuscarinics, often called anticholinergics in clinical medicine, are established as
first line bronchodilators in COPD. Tiotropium has been developed as a new generation …

We compared the effectiveness of inhaled formoterol with that of ipratropium in the treatment
of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). After a 2-wk run-in period, 780 patients …

The ritual of routine visits for most chronic diseases usually includes monitoring to check on
the progress or regress of the disease and the development of complications. Such checks …

Bronchodilators form the foundation of symptomatic treatment of COPD. Several long-acting
bronchodilators are now available for use in COPD, but publications of large-scale studies of …

BACKGROUND A study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of
tiotropium and ipratropium during long term treatment in patients with stable chronic …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a condition in which continuous
bronchodilation may have clinical advantages. This study evaluated salmeterol, a β-agonist …

Anticholinergics are the bronchodilators of choice in the management of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD). They work by blocking muscarinic receptors in airway smooth …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive airflow
limitation caused by persistent inflammatory processes in the airways. An increased …