Biopolymers are promising environmentally benign materials applicable in multifarious
applications. They are especially favorable in implantable biomedical devices thanks to their …

Abstract 4D bioprinting is the next-generation additive manufacturing-based fabrication
platform employed to construct intricate, adaptive, and dynamic soft and hard tissue …

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have gained significant attraction from both industrial and
academic sectors, thanks to their biodegradability, non-toxicity, and renewability with …

Stimuli‐responsive polymers (SRPs) are special types of soft materials, which have been
extensively used for developing flexible actuators, soft robots, wearable devices, sensors …

In this research, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with excellent shape‐memory effects is 4D printed
via fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology. An experimental procedure for successful …

Bioprinting is an innovative and emerging technology of additive manufacturing (AM) and
has revolutionized the biomedical sector by printing three-dimensional (3D) cell-laden …

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable polyester polymer that is produced from renewable
resources, such as corn or other carbohydrate sources. However, its poor toughness limits …

A Non-healing infected wound is an ever-growing global epidemic, with increasing burden
of mortality rates and management costs. The problems of chronic wound infections and …

Researchers are addressing environmental concerns related to petroleum-based plastic
packaging by exploring biopolymers from natural sources, chemical synthesis, and microbial …

As an emerging science, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine focus on developing
materials to replace, restore or improve organs or tissues and enhancing the cellular …