Tumour-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) are one of the pivotal components of the tumour
microenvironment. Their roles in the cancer immunity are complicated, both pro-tumour and …

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, and the survival
rate remains low despite advances in diagnosis and treatment. The progression of lung …

Background Recently, therapeutic antibodies against programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and
its ligand (PD-L1) have exerted potent anticancer effect in a variety of tumors. However …

Angiogenesis is a crucial process for tissue development, repair, and tumor survival.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key driver secreted by cancer cells …

Targeting angiogenesis has remained one of the important aspects in disease biology in
general and cancer in particular. Currently (June 2023), over 593 clinical trials have been …

Sterols, including β‐sitosterol, are essential components of cellular membranes in both plant
and animal cells. Despite being a major phytosterol in various plant materials …

The tumor physical microenvironment (TPME) contributes to cancer chemoresistance in both
mechanical and mechanobiological approaches. Along with chemotherapy, the tumor …

Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of cells in tumors that are characterized by self-
renewal and continuous proliferation, lead to tumorigenesis, metastasis, and maintain tumor …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are integral to the tumor microenvironment (TME),
influencing cancer progression significantly. Attracted by cancer cell signals, TAMs exhibit …

Navigating the intricate landscape of the tumor microenvironment (TME) unveils a pivotal
arena for cancer therapeutics, where cytokines and soluble mediators emerge as double …