AIM The “2023 ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Atrial
Fibrillation” provides recommendations to guide clinicians in the treatment of patients with …

BACKGROUND: The American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the National
Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease …

Aims The randomized, controlled EAST-AFNET 4 trial showed that early rhythm control
(ERC) reduces the rate of a composite primary outcome (cardiovascular death, stroke, or …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality,
imposing an increasing global health burden. Cardiac ion channels (voltage-gated Na V, Ca …

Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and
mortality worldwide, imposing an enormous economic burden on individuals and human …

Background Three recent randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that, as an initial
rhythm control strategy, first-line cryoballoon ablation (cryoablation) reduces atrial …

Background The combined procedure of left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) with
concomitant pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) has demonstrated its efficacy and safety …

Background Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF)
can generate considerable physical and psychological discomfort under conscious …

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) remains the most common form of cardiac arrhythmia.
Management of AF aims to reduce the risk of stroke, heart failure and premature mortality via …

Cardiac electrophysiology is a constantly evolving speciality that has benefited from
technological innovation and refinements over the past several decades. Despite the …