BACKGROUND Lateral pelvic lymph node (LLN) metastasis (LLNM) occur in up to 28% of
patients with low rectal tumours. While prophylactic lateral pelvic lymph node dissection …

Introduction Management of retroperitoneal and lateral pelvic lymph nodes (RLPN) in rectal
cancer remains unclear. With total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT), more patients have radiologic …

Background Pretreatment diagnosis of lateral pelvic lymph node (LPLN) metastasis is critical
in deciding the therapeutic strategy for locally advanced rectal cancer. We aimed to …

Background Lateral pelvic lymph node (LLN) dissection is suggested to improve the
prognosis of rectal cancer patients; however, accurate diagnosis of LLN metastasis is …

Purpose Systemic chemotherapy (SC) before surgery is a potential treatment to improve
survival in patients with advanced rectal cancer. However, the impact of SC on lateral lymph …

Locally advanced rectal cancer with lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis connotates a poor
prognosis. In the West, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by total mesorectal …

Introduction Standard treatment strategy for low rectal cancer in Japan is different from
Western countries. Total mesorectum excision (TME)+ lateral lymph node dissection (LLND) …

Introduction Patients with low rectal cancer are at risk for lateral lymph node metastasis
(LLNM). Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is used to eradicate LLNM in the West …

Survival in rectal cancer has been related mainly to clinical and pathological staging.
Recurrence is by far the most challenging issue when surgical treatment of rectal cancer is …

While the approach to curative treatment of low rectal cancer in the West has included
preoperative radiation therapy (RT) followed by total mesorectal excision (TME), in Japan …