The teleology of sex differences has been argued since at least as early as Aristotle's
controversial Generation of Animals more than 300 years BC, which reflects the sex bias of …

Low birth weight serves as a crude proxy for impaired growth during fetal life and indicates a
failure for the fetus to achieve its full growth potential. Low birth weight can occur in …

BACKGROUND: There has been considerable interest in the hypothesis that low birth
weight may be a marker of impaired nephrogenesis and that this is causally related to …

Abundant evidence supports the association between low birth weight (LBW) and renal
dysfunction in humans. Anatomic measurements of infants, children, and adults show …

This study utilized maternal undernutrition from early to midgestation in the ewe to determine
the impact (s) of intrauterine growth restriction on postpartum growth of male offspring and …

Variation in the quality or quantity of nutrients consumed during pregnancy can exert
permanent and powerful effects upon the developing fetus. This programming of fetal …

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is implicated in hypertension and kidney
disease. The developing kidney can be programmed by various early-life insults by so …

Maternal nutrition plays a decisive role in developmental programming of many non-
communicable diseases (NCDs). A variety of nutritional insults during gestation can cause …

Fetal intrauterine growth restriction has been associated with adult disease in both human
epidemiologic studies and in animal models. In some cases, intrauterine deprivation …

Numerous epidemiological studies suggest an inverse relationship between low birth weight
(LBW) and hypertension, an observation now supported by numerous animal studies. The …