The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex network with multiple functions, including
specific functions during tissue regeneration. Precisely, the properties of the ECM have been …

As the global population ages, bone‐related diseases have increasingly become a major
social problem threatening human health. Exosomes, as natural cell products, have been …

Background Organ transplantation is predicted to increase as life expectancy and the
incidence of chronic diseases rises. Regenerative medicine-inspired technologies …

Bone tissue engineering approaches have evolved towards addressing the challenges of
tissue mimetic requirements over the years. Different strategies have been combining …

As bone grafts become more commonly needed by patients and as donors become scarcer,
acellularized bone grafts (ABGs) are becoming more popular for restorative purposes. While …

There are many different grafts to repair damaged tissue. Various types of biological
scaffolds, including films, fibers, microspheres, and hydrogels, can be used for tissue repair …

Bone substitutes are used in nearly half of all musculoskeletal surgeries. The “gold
standard” graft is an autograft that is limited by supply and site morbidity. Therefore, allograft …

The management of bone defects is complicated by the presence of clinical conditions, such
as critical-sized defects created by high-energy trauma, tumour resection, infection, and …

Orthopedic surgeons face a lot of difficulties in managing and repairing osteochondral
defects. Damaged articular cartilage and the subchondral bone underneath are both present …

Critical-sized bone defects fail to heal and often cause non-union. Standard treatments
employ autologous bone grafting, which can cause donor tissue loss/pain. Although several …