CD40 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily of receptors
expressed on a variety of cell types. The CD40–CD40L interaction gives rise to many …

Adoptive cell therapy (ACT), based on treatment with autologous tumor infiltrating
lymphocyte (TIL)-derived or genetically modified chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells …

Aim: Tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles (TEVs) are considered for use in inducing
tumor antigen-specific immune responses as they contain tumor antigens. The delivery of …

Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) or fusion proteins (BsAbFPs) present a promising strategy for
cancer immunotherapy. Numerous BsAbs targeting coinhibitory and costimulatory pathways …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are one of the most plentiful immune compositions
in the tumor microenvironment, which are further divided into anti-tumor M1 subtype and pro …

Simple Summary In this study, the researchers aimed to improve the prognostic information
provided by the standard One-Step Nucleic Acid Amplification (OSNA) assay used to detect …

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance is an optimal therapeutic endpoint, as it
reflects the amount of covalently closed circular DNA. The exact mechanisms that contribute …

Abstract Background Regulatory T cells (Tregs) inhibit the activation of cluster of
differentiation (CD) 4+, CD8+ T cells and the antigen‐presenting process of antigen …

Regular physical activity prevents and treats cancer patients by assisting and improving the
immune system. Co-stimulatory molecules that activate the immune system have been …

Bone infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus may lead to an inflammatory condition
called osteomyelitis, which results in progressive bone loss. Biofilm formation, intracellular …