Degeneration of the intervertebral discs (IVDs) is a major contributor to back, neck and
radicular pain. IVD degeneration is characterized by increases in levels of the …

The facet joint is a crucial anatomic region of the spine owing to its biomechanical role in
facilitating articulation of the vertebrae of the spinal column. It is a diarthrodial joint with …

Patients with chronic pain usually suffer from working memory deficits, which may decrease
their intellectual ability significantly. Despite intensive clinical studies, the mechanism …

Background Shoulder pain is a common health problem. The purpose of this study was to
assess the associations of lifestyle factors, metabolic factors and carotid intima-media …

Purpose To investigate the association of smoking with rotator cuff (RTC) disease and
shoulder dysfunction, defined as poor scores on shoulder rating scales. Methods A …

Background Neuropathic pain is a challenging condition often refractory to existing
therapies. An increasing number of studies have indicated that the immune system plays a …

Low back pain (LBP) seriously affects human quality of life. Intervertebral disc degeneration
(IVDD) is the main pathological factor that leads to LBP, but the pathological mechanism …

Study Design. Animal study. Objective. Development of an animal model for the study of
biochemical changes that occur in the epidural space after intervertebral disc herniation …

Neuropathic pain is currently being treated by a range of therapeutic interventions that
above all act to lower neuronal activity in the somatosensory system (eg using local …

Although neck and low-back pain are common sources of neuropathic pain with high
societal costs, the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain is not well-defined. Traditionally …