Innate immune cells including macrophages, dendritic cells, and granulocytes are resident
within or patrol very different microenvironments in the host. Their activity or responsiveness …

Abstract Ge Gen Decoction (GGD), a Traditional Chinese Medicine prescription, is mainly
used to treat infectious respiratory diseases and can relieve the symptoms of influenza A …

Abstract Extracellular Hsp70 (eHsp70) can activate immune cells via Toll-like receptors
(TLR) 2 and 4, and induce cytokine synthesis. The aim of this study was to explore …

The respiratory Influenza A Viruses (IAVs) and emerging zoonotic viruses such as Severe
Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pose a significant threat to …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterium causing lung injury in
immunocompromised patients correlated with high morbidity and mortality. Many bacteria …

Dysregulation of the innate immune system drives lung injury and its systemic sequelae due
to breakdown of vascular barrier function, harmful hyperinflammation and microcirculatory …

Allyl methyl trisulfide (AMTS) is one major lipid-soluble organosulfur compound of garlic.
Previous studies have reported the potential therapeutic effect of garlic on acute lung injury …

Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) develops at unpredictable locations around
lung bronchi following pulmonary inflammation. The formation and composition of BALT …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common chronic
respiratory diseases, characterised by high morbidity and mortality. COPD is characterised …

It is well-established that bacterial and viral infections have an exacerbating effect on
allergic asthma, particularly aggravating respiratory symptoms, such as airway …