The metabolome, the collection of small-molecule chemical entities involved in metabolism,
has traditionally been studied with the aim of identifying biomarkers in the diagnosis and …

Compared with traditional 2D adherent cell culture, 3D spheroidal cell aggregates, or
spheroids, are regarded as more physiological, and this technique has been exploited in the …

Importance Three-dimensional cerebral organoids generated from patient-derived induced
pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) may be used to interrogate cellular-molecular underpinnings …

During the twentieth century, genes were considered the controlling force of life processes,
and the transfer of DNA the definitive explanation for biological heredity. Such views shaped …

Single-cell analysis is essential to improve our understanding of cell functionality from
cellular and subcellular aspects for diagnosis and therapy. Single-cell cultivation is one of …

Epigenetic mechanisms are known to define cell-type identity and function. Hence,
reprogramming of one cell type into another essentially requires a rewiring of the underlying …

The placenta is a unique organ system that functionally combines both maternal and fetal
cell types with distinct lineage origins. Normal placentation is critical for developmental …

Background Reprogramming human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic
cells and generating three-dimensional brain organoids from these iPSCs provide access to …

Establishment, maintenance, and exit from pluripotency require precise coordination of a
cell's molecular machinery. Substantial headway has been made in deciphering many …

Human postmortem studies suggest a major role for abnormalities in GABAergic
interneurons in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. Cortical interneurons differentiated …