The ability to use quantitative information is thought to be adaptive in a wide range of
ecological contexts. For nearly a century, the numerical abilities of mammals and birds have …

With multiple crowd gatherings of millions of people every year in events ranging from
pilgrimages to protests, concerts to marathons, and festivals to funerals; visual crowd …

The development of numerical and arithmetic abilities constitutes a crucial cornerstone in
our modern and educated societies. Difficulties to acquire these central skills can lead to …

Evidence has been reported for quantity discrimination in mammals and birds and, to a
lesser extent, fish and amphibians. For the latter species, however, whether quantity …

Sensory and motor cortices each contain multiple topographic maps with the structure of
sensory organs (such as the retina or cochlea) mapped onto the cortical surface. These …

Cognitive models of magnitude representation are mostly based on the results of studies
that use a magnitude comparison task. These studies show similar distance or ratio effects in …

Debates have arisen as to whether non-human animals actually can learn abstract non-
symbolic numerousness or whether they always rely on some continuous physical aspect of …

An ability to estimate quantities, such as the number of conspecifics or the size of a predator,
has been reported in vertebrates. Fish, in particular zebrafish, may be instrumental in …

It is believed that the approximate estimation of large sets and the exact quantification of
small sets (subitizing) are supported by two different systems, the Approximate Number …

Discrimination of quantity (magnitude) was investigated in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Male
zebrafish chose to approach the location previously occupied by the larger in number …