Extracellular purines (adenosine, ADP, and ATP) and pyrimidines (UDP and UTP) are
important signaling molecules that mediate diverse biological effects via cellsurface …

P2X receptors are membrane ion channels that open in response to the binding of
extracellular ATP. Seven genes in vertebrates encode P2X receptor subunits, which are 40 …

P2X receptors are trimeric, non-selective cation channels activated by extracellular ATP. The
P2X 7 receptor subtype is a pharmacological target because of involvement in apoptotic …

The highly disagreeable sensation of pain results from an extraordinarily complex and
interactive series of mechanisms integrated at all levels of the neuroaxis, from the periphery …

P2X receptors are trimeric, non-selective cation channels activated by ATP that have
important roles in the cardiovascular, neuronal and immune systems. Despite their central …

Extracellular adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) activates cell surface P2X and P2Y
receptors. P2X receptors are membrane ion channels preferably permeable to sodium …

Extracellular adenosine 5′ triphosphate (ATP) is a widespread cell-to-cell signaling
molecule in the brain, where it activates cell surface P2X and P2Y receptors. P2X receptors …

The study of P2X receptors has long been handicapped by a poverty of small-molecule tools
that serve as selective agonists and antagonists. There has been progress, particularly in …

ATP acts as a humoral mediator to control cell function extracellularly. The receptors that
mediate the actions of ATP belong to two classes, the metabotropic P2Y receptors and the …

The charge of this invited review is to present a convincing case for the fact that cells release
their ATP for physiological reasons. Many of our “purinergic” colleagues as well as …