This review focuses on one family of the known cAMP receptors, the exchange proteins
directly activated by cAMP (EPACs), also known as the cAMP-regulated guanine nucleotide …

cAMP is a universal second messenger that plays central roles in cardiovascular regulation
influencing gene expression, cell morphology, and function. A crucial step toward a better …

How cAMP generates hormone-specific effects has been debated for many decades.
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based sensors for cAMP allow real-time …

Macrophages are crucial members of the mononuclear phagocyte system essential to
protect the host from invading pathogens and are central to the inflammatory response with …

Background and Purpose cAMP is a central second messenger that broadly regulates cell
function and can underpin pathophysiology. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, a …

Neutrophilic inflammation is characteristic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD);
yet, there are no effective antiinflammatory therapies. The PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast is …

Evidence collected over the last ten years indicates that Epac and cAMP scaffold proteins
play a critical role in integrating and transducing multiple signaling pathways at the basis of …

Chronic pain following spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with electrical hyperactivity
(spontaneous and evoked) in primary nociceptors. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate …

Air pollution is a major environmental threat and each year about 7 million people reported
to die as a result of air pollution. Consequently, exposure to air pollution is linked to …

Background β 2 receptor agonists induce airway smooth muscle relaxation by increasing
intracellular cAMP production. PKA is the traditional downstream signaling pathway of …