Human papilloma viruses (HPVs) are a group of double-stranded DNA viruses known to be
the primary cause of cervical cancer. In addition, evidence has now established their role in …

ABSTRACT Guanine-quadruplex structures (G4) are unusual nucleic acid conformations
formed by guanine-rich DNA and RNA sequences and known to control gene expression …

Reduction in autophagy has been reported to contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiac
hypertrophy. However, the molecular pathways leading to impaired autophagy at the …

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causative agent of adult T-cell
leukemia (ATL), an aggressive CD4+/CD25+ T-cell malignancy and of a severe …

Background Exosomes are membrane nano-vesicles secreted by a multitude of cells that
harbor biological constituents such as proteins, lipids, mRNA and microRNA. Exosomes can …

Viruses are obligate intracellular pathogens that rely on cellular machinery for successful
replication and dissemination. The host cells encode a number of different strategies to …

Autophagy and apoptosis play significant roles in PRRSV infection and replication.
However, the interaction between these 2 processes in PRRSV replication is still far from …

Viruses play an important role in the development of certain human cancers. They are
estimated to contribute 16% to all human cancers. Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 …

To investigate the regulatory mechanisms of decoy receptor expression in TRAIL-resistant
breast cancer MCF-7 cells, cytotoxicity and apoptosis assays were applied to examine …

Autophagy is a self-degradative process important for balancing cellular homeostasis at
critical times in development and/or in response to nutrient stress. This is particularly …