Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is an important inorganic mineral in biological and geological
systems. Traditionally, it is widely used in plastics, papermaking, ink, building materials …

Biomineralization is an important tactic by which biological organisms produce hierarchically
structured minerals with marvellous functions. Biomineralization studies typically focus on …

Biomineralization is an attractive pathway to produce mineral-based biomaterials with high
performance and hierarchical structures. To date, the biomineralization process and …

Strategies that attempt to mimic the well-defined structures or unique functions of natural
biological materials have succeeded in designing and synthesizing bio-inspired materials in …

Commercial collagen membranes face difficulty in guided bone regeneration (GBR) due to
the absence of hierarchical structural design, effective interface management, and diverse …

Since calcium carbonate is one of the most abundant biogenic minerals found in nature, it is
no surprise that there has been a huge focus on its formation and use. In this review, we …

Type I collagen, as the critical organic component of bone matrix, plays a template role in
mineralization. Gamma-ray irradiation is used to prepare collagen with different crosslinking …

Many biomineralization systems start from transient amorphous precursor phases, but the
exact crystallization pathways and mechanisms remain largely unknown. The study of a well …

The hierarchical structures of biological materials endow them with excellent mechanical
performance and specific functionality. Interestingly, structures are formed under the …

Collagen is the critical organic component of bone matrix, which is the template for bone
biomineralization. Phosphorylation modification of collagen plays an important role in the …