Introduction: Accurate prediction of pharmacokinetic (PK) and toxicokinetics (TK) of drugs is
imperative for successful development of new pharmaceutics. Although conventional in vitro …

In drug discovery, the emergence of unexpected toxicity is often a problem resulting from a
poor understanding of the pharmacokinetics of drug–drug interactions (DDI). Organ-on-a …

The hallmarks of diabetics are insufficient secretion of insulin and dysregulation of glucagon.
It is critical to understand release mechanisms of insulin, glucagon, and other hormones …

Recent advances in organ-on-a-chip technology have resulted in numerous examples of
microscale systems that faithfully mimic the physiology and pathology of human organs and …

In recent decades, microphysiological constructs and systems (MPCs and MPSs) have
undergone significant development, ranging from self‐organized organoids to high …

Introduction: After administration, a drug undergoes absorption, distribution, metabolism,
and elimination (ADME) before exerting its effect on the body. The combination of these …

Hepatic steatosis, also known as fatty liver disease, occurs due to abnormal lipid
accumulation in the liver. It has been known that gut absorption also plays an important role …

Integrated multi-organ microphysiological systems are an evolving tool for preclinical
evaluation of the potential toxicity and efficacy of drug candidates. Such systems, also …

Abstract Models of the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) can be powerful tools for examining
the biological interactions of food products and pharmaceuticals. This can be done under …

Microphysiological systems (MPS) are powerful tools for emulating human physiology and
replicating disease progression in vitro. MPS could be better predictors of human outcome …