A paradigm shift has recently occurred in the field of cancer therapeutics. Traditional
anticancer agents, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and small-molecule drugs targeting …

Chemotherapy is a well-known and effective treatment for different cancers; unfortunately, it
has not been as efficient in the eradication of all cancer cells as been expected. The …

Macrophages represent heterogeneous cell population with important roles in defence
mechanisms and in homoeostasis. Tissue macrophages from diverse anatomical locations …

Within a tumor, IL-1β is produced and secreted by various cell types, such as immune cells,
fibroblasts, or cancer cells. The IL1B gene is induced after “priming” of the cells and a …

Inflammation is an important component of the tumor microenvironment. IL‐1 is an
inflammatory cytokine which plays a key role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. IL‐1 …

Members of the extended interleukin-1 (IL-1) cytokine family, such as IL-1, IL-18, IL-33, and
IL-36, play a pivotal role in the initiation and amplification of immune responses. However …

IL-1 belongs to a family of 11 members and is one of the seven receptor-agonists with pro-
inflammatory activity. Beyond its biological role as a regulator of the innate immune …

The IL-1 family of cytokines are well-known for their primary role in initiating inflammatory
responses both in response to and acting as danger signals. It has long been established …

Esophageal cancer (EC) is a disease often marked by aggressive growth and poor
prognosis. Lack of targeted therapies, resistance to chemoradiation therapy, and distant …

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are debilitating conditions that result in intestinal
damage due to chronic inflammation. In addition, the perpetual state of inflammation …