Cancers are highly complex diseases that are characterized by not only the overgrowth of
malignant cells but also an altered immune response. The inhibition and reprogramming of …

NF-κB pathway consists of canonical and non-canonical pathways. The canonical NF-κB is
activated by various stimuli, transducing a quick but transient transcriptional activity, to …

Regulation of cytokine production in stimulated T cells can be disrupted in autoimmunity,
immunodeficiencies, and cancer. Systematic discovery of stimulation-dependent cytokine …

Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are receptors for antigen that direct potent immune
responses. Tumor escape associated with low target antigen expression is emerging as one …

Cell signaling is a complex process. The faithful transduction of information into specific
cellular actions depends on the synergistic effects of many regulatory molecules, nurtured by …

The αβ T cell receptor (TCR), in association with the CD3γε–CD3δε–CD3ζζ signalling
hexamer, is the primary determinant of T cell development and activation, and of immune …

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has proven effective in relapsed and
refractory B-cell malignancies, but resistance and relapses still occur. Better understanding …

Abstract High dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) is active against metastatic melanoma and renal cell
carcinoma, but treatment-associated toxicity and expansion of suppressive regulatory T cells …

Immune checkpoint blockade has shown unprecedented and durable clinical response in a
wide range of cancers. T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM3) is an inhibitory …

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an idiopathic systemic autoimmune disease. It is characterized
by a triad of hallmarks: immune dysfunction, fibrosis and vasculopathy. Immune dysfunction …