Complex interactions between the immune system and tumor cells exist throughout the
initiation and development of cancer. Although the immune system eliminates malignantly …

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nonhistone chromatin-associated protein that has
been widely reported to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of hematopoietic …

The respective antitumoral and protumoral roles of M1 and M2 tumor-associated
macrophages (TAM) typify the complexity of macrophage function in cancer. In lung cancer …

Drug resistance remains the major obstacle limiting the effectiveness of chemotherapy for
esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC)[1]. However, how stromal cells cooperate …

B-cell lymphoma is a group of hematological malignancies with high clinical and biological
heterogeneity. The pathogenesis of B-cell lymphoma involves a complex interaction …

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have emerged as key contributors to tumor initiation, growth, and
metastasis. In addition, CSCs play a significant role in inducing immune evasion, thereby …

The majority of current cancer immunotherapy strategies target and potentiate antitumor
adaptive immune responses. Unfortunately, the efficacy of these treatments has been limited …

Simple Summary Macrophages that infiltrate the cancer microenvironment are referred to as
tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), also known as …

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are one of the main suppressive cell population
of the immune system. They play a pivotal role in the establishment of the tumor …

Simple Summary Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for about 15% of lung cancers
and it has limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis. There has been no real progress …