Chronic (continuous, non-interrupted) hypoxia and cycling (intermittent, transient) hypoxia
are two types of hypoxia occurring in malignant tumors. They are both associated with the …

Tumor blood vessels are a key target for cancer therapeutic management. Tumor cells
secrete high levels of pro-angiogenic factors which contribute to the creation of an abnormal …

Hypoxia is an integral component of the tumor microenvironment. Either as chronic or
cycling hypoxia, it exerts a similar effect on cancer processes by activating hypoxia-inducible …

Introduction: Hypoxia is one of the intrinsic features of solid tumors, and it is always
associated with aggressive phenotypes, including resistance to radiation and …

Oxygen deprivation or hypoxia characterizes a number of serious pathological conditions
and elicits a number of adaptive changes that are mainly mediated at the transcriptional …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major kidney disease characterized by an abrupt loss of renal
function. Accumulating evidence indicates that incomplete or maladaptive repair after AKI …

The extracellular nucleoside adenosine reduces tissue inflammation and is generated by
irreversible dephosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) mediated by the …

The Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 (HIF-1) plays a major role in the cellular response to hypoxia
by regulating the expression of many genes involved in adaptive processes that allow cell …

The hypoxia signalling pathway enables adaptation of cells to decreased oxygen
availability. When oxygen becomes limiting, the central transcription factors of the pathway …

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been found to play a decisive role in cancer recurrence,
metastasis, and chemo‑, radio‑and immuno‑resistance. Understanding the mechanism of …