Scoliosis is a common spinal deformity that considerably affects the physical and
psychological health of patients. Studies have shown that genetic factors play an important …

The vertebrate body plan is characterized by the presence of a segmented spine along its
main axis. Here, we examine the current understanding of how the axial tissues that are …

Genetic disorders account for a wide range of renal diseases emerging during childhood
and adolescence. Due to the utilization of modern biochemical and biomedical techniques …

Cilia, microtubule-based structures found on the surface of almost all vertebrate cells, play
an array of diverse biological functions. Abnormal ciliary axonemal structure and function …

Constitutive vesicle trafficking is the default pathway used by all cells for movement of
intracellular cargoes between subcellular compartments and in and out of the cell …

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common kidney disease
caused by mutations in PKD1 or PKD2. Metformin reduces cyst growth in mouse models of …

The spine gives structural support for the adult body, protects the spinal cord, and provides
muscle attachment for moving through the environment. The development and maturation of …

Abstract TRPP2 (PC2, PKD2 or Polycytin-2), encoded by PKD2 gene, belongs to the
nonselective cation channel TRP family. Recently, the three-dimensional structure of TRPP2 …

Mutations in the chromatin remodeller‐coding gene CHD7 cause CHARGE syndrome (CS).
CS features include moderate to severe neurological and behavioural problems, clinically …

Patients with polycystic kidney disease (PKD) are characterized with uncontrolled
hypertension. Hypertension in PKD is a ciliopathy, an abnormal function and/or structure of …