A hallmark of cancer is the ability of tumor cells to avoid immune destruction. Activated
immune cells in tumor microenvironment (TME) secrete proinflammatory cytokines and …

In the last decades, many studies conducted in vitro, and in vivo, have shown that thyroid
autoimmunity and thyroid cancer (TC)(mainly papillary TC) can be concomitant, even if the …

Background Treatment options for advanced thyroid cancer refractory to standard therapies
are limited. The safety and efficacy of pembrolizumab were evaluated in patients with …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are drugs that inhibit the “checkpoint molecules”. Different
types of cancer immune checkpoint inhibitors have been approved recently: CTLA-4 …

In the 9 years since the publication of our 2011 review of targeted treatment of thyroid cancer
with multikinase inhibitors, much has changed in the landscape of this heterogeneous …

Anticancer immunotherapy, in the form of immune checkpoint inhibition, is a paradigm shift
that has transformed the care of patients with different types of solid and hematologic …

Immune cells play critical roles in tumor prevention as well as initiation and progression.
However, immune-resistant cancer cells can evade the immune system and proceed to form …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors block the checkpoint molecules. Different types of cancer
immune checkpoint inhibitors have been approved recently: CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies …

Tumor-related inflammation does influence the biological behavior of neoplastic cells and
ultimately the patient's outcome. With specific regard to thyroid cancer, the issue of tumor …

Two-thirds of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients with distant metastases would be
classified as radioactive iodine-refractory (RAIR-DTC), evolving into a poor outcome. Recent …