By the emergence of recombinant DNA technology, many antibody fragments have been
developed devoid of undesired properties of natural immunoglobulins. Among them …

Background L-asparaginase (ASNase) has played a key role in the management of acute
lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). As an amidohydrolase, it catalyzes the hydrolysis of L …

A standard procedure to study cellular elements is via immunostaining followed by optical
imaging. This methodology typically requires target-specific primary antibodies (1. Abs) …

Pathogenic α-synuclein (α-syn) is a prion-like protein that drives the pathogenesis of Lewy
Body Dementia (LBD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD). To target pathogenic α-syn preformed …

The bacterium Clostridium botulinum is the causative agent of botulism—a severe
intoxication caused by botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) and characterized by damage to the …

Because of the blood–brain barrier, only a limited fraction of drugs can penetrate the brain.
As a result, there is a need to take larger doses of the drug, which may result in numerous …

Enzyme-mimicking nanocatalysts, also termed nanozymes, have attracted much attention in
recent years. They are considered potential alternatives to natural enzymes due to their …

Growing evidence suggests that many essential intracellular signaling events are
compartmentalized within kinetically distinct microdomains in cells. Genetically encoded …

Scorpion envenomation is a serious health problem in tropical and subtropical zones. The
access to scorpion antivenom is sometimes limited in availability and specificity. The …

T cells that are genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR T cells)
have shown impressive clinical efficacy against B‐cell malignancies. In contrast to these …