Objective The purpose of this paper is (1) to summarize what is known of factors that
inuence achieving the full genetic potential for skeletal mass, both positive and negative;(2) …

To determine the magnitude and mediators of the association between cigarette smoking
and bone mass in the epidemiologic literature we reviewed articles, published abstracts and …

Calcium is an essential nutrient that is involved in most metabolic processes and the
phosphate salts of which provide mechanical rigidity to the bones and teeth, where 99% of …

Objective. Numerous nutrition policy statements recommend the consumption of 800 to 1500
mg of calcium largely from dairy products for osteoporosis prevention; however, the findings …

Objective.—To evaluate the effect of calcium supplementation on bone acquisition in
adolescent white girls. Design.—A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the …

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural
alterations of bone tissue leading to enhanced bone fragility and increased fracture risk [1] …

More than half of all women and about one third of men will experience osteoporotic
fractures during their lives. Although no symptoms occur prior to fracture, bone mineral …

The remodelling process of bone acted by osteoblastic and osteoclastic cells allows the
tissue to maintain its integrity and mechanical properties. Systemic factors, such as …

Background Bone mineral density (BMD) is largely genetically determined and this influence
is most powerful in the period of rapid skeletal development in childhood and late …

Peak bone mass is determined mainly by genetic‐ethnic factors, but environmental factors
such as calcium intake and physical activity during childhood and adolescence could play a …