To identify novel cancer therapies, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has received a lot of
attention in recent years in particular with the advent of clinical successes achieved by …

Simple Summary Tumors are not masses of cancer cells alone but made up of cancer cells,
other cells including fibroblasts, macrophages, endothelial cells, as well as secreted factors …

Simple Summary Immunotherapy helps a person's immune system to target tumor cells.
Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibition …

The transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) is a
transmembrane protein that can be activated by various physical and chemical stimuli and is …

For a long time, cisplatin-based chemotherapy had been viewed as first-line chemotherapy
for advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC). However, many patients with UC …

Today, it is well-known that the interactions and secretion within the tumour are crucial to
consider for cancer therapy. Some novel cancer therapy modalities such as immunotherapy …

Cancer therapy through anticancer drugs and radiotherapy is associated with several side
effects as well as tumor resistance to therapy. The genotoxic effects of chemotherapy and …

Conventional photothermal therapy (PTT) irradiates the tumor tissues by elevating the
temperature above 48° C to exert thermal ablation, killing tumor cells. However, thermal …

Tyrosine kinase receptors (TKR) comprise more than 60 molecules that play an essential
role in the molecular pathways, leading to cell survival and differentiation. Consequently …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a pivotal role in the progression and
resistance of tumors to different anticancer drugs. TAMs can modulate the tumor …