Cytokines are key messengers by which immune cells communicate, and they drive many
physiological processes, including immune and inflammatory responses. Early discoveries …

Notwithstanding advances in understanding the pathophysiology of major depressive
disorder (MDD), no single mechanism can explain all facets of this disorder. An expanding …

Major depressive disorder represents a serious public health challenge worldwide;
however, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are mostly unknown. Here, we …

Sleep interacts reciprocally with immune system activity, but its specific relationship with
microglia—the resident immune cells in the brain—remains poorly understood. Here, we …

Clearing amyloid-β (Aβ) through immunotherapy is one of the most promising therapeutic
approaches to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although several monoclonal antibodies against …

Increasing evidence supports the notion that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the
etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), at least in a subset of patients. By virtue of their …

Background Observational studies showed an association between gut microbiota and
depression, but the causality relationship between them is unclear. We aimed to determine …

Microglia are so versatile that they not only provide immune surveillance for central nervous
system, but participate in neural circuitry development, brain blood vessels formation, blood …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating neuropsychological disorder, which has
caused serious health and socio-economic burdens worldwide. A growing body of evidence …

Abstract Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a major cytokine that promotes anti-and pro-inflammatory
outcomes by activating the membrane IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) or the soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL …