Radiotherapy (RT) has been applied for decades as a treatment modality in the
management of various types of cancer. Ionizing radiation induces tumor cell death, which in …

Cancer has been a major global health problem due to its high morbidity and mortality.
While many chemotherapy agents have been studied and applied in clinical trials or in …

Mounting evidence suggests that radiation stimulates the immune system and this
contributes to the abscopal effect, which is defined as “response at a distance from the …

Abstract Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a key factor influencing cancer
immunotherapy; however, the regulation of PD-L1 expression in cancer cells remains …

Background Late-stage or recurrent intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) patients exhibit
poor prognosis due to limited sensitivity to chemotherapy or radiotherapy and coexistence of …

Simple Summary Efficient antitumoral immune response is conditioned by a regulated cell
death called immunogenic cell death. Many immunologic cell death inducers are currently …

Immunotherapies are now emerging as an efficient anticancer therapeutic strategy. Cancer
immunotherapy utilizes the host's immune system to fight against cancer cells and has …

Immunotherapies have been accelerating the development of anti-cancer clinical treatment,
but its low objective responses and severe off-target immune-related adverse events (irAEs) …

Radiotherapy (RT) is a highly effective anti-cancer therapy delivered to around 50–60% of
patients. It is part of therapy for around 40% of cancer patients who are cured of their …

Introduction: The increasing availability of next-generation DNA sequencing (NGS) opens
the opportunity to tailor therapies to potential targets. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma …