With an increasing human population, medical research is pushed to progress into an era of
precision therapy. Humanized mice are at the very heart of this new forefront where it is …

Visna virus and human immunodeficiency virus are prototypes of animal and human
lentiviruses, respectively, that persist and are disseminated despite the host immune …

The specific interaction between a defined structural element of the human
immunodeficiency virus mRNA (RRE, the Rev response element) and the virus-encoded …

Complex retroviruses are distinguished by their ability to control the expression of their gene
products through the action of virally encoded regulatory proteins. These viral gene products …

The envelope glycoprotein complex of replication competent retroviruses is comprised of
two polypeptides, an external, glycosylated, hydrophilic polypeptide (SU) and a membrane …

The mechanisms by which HIV-1 infection kills T lymphocytes are not clearly established.
Apoptosis is an internally programmed cell death pathway that may regulate both T cell …

Increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-
1 (IL-1), and IL-6, have been detected in specimens from human immunodeficiency virus …

Recent proof-of-concept randomised controlled trials have shown a causal relation between
herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 infection and HIV-1 replication in co-infected individuals …

Large amounts of histones, H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4, were observed in total extracts of T4
lymphocytes and derived cell lines infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) …

Some strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) can infect primary monocytes
and monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro. In this report, the effect of cytokines on the …