Major depressive disorder is a highly debilitating psychiatric disorder involving the
dysfunction of different cell types in the brain. Microglia are the predominant resident …

Chronic pain often occurs in the elderly, particularly in the patients with neurodegenerative
disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although studies indicate that chronic pain …

Background Cognitive decline occurs frequently in Parkinson's disease (PD), which greatly
decreases the quality of life of patients. However, the mechanisms remain to be investigated …

Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease caused by sudden rupture of blood vessels in
the brain or blockage of blood vessels, which has now become one of the main causes of …

Chronic pain is a serious public health problem with a strong affective-motivational
component that makes it difficult to treat. Most patients with chronic pain suffer from severe …

Running exercise has been shown to relieve symptoms of depression, but the mechanisms
underlying the antidepressant effects are unclear. Microglia and concomitant dysregulated …

Cancer pain, especially bone cancer pain, is a pain state often caused by inflammation or
dysfunctional nerves. Moreover, in the management of cancer pain, opioid especially …

Sinomenine (SINO), which is used clinically to treat rheumatoid arthritis and neuralgia, is
derived from the root and stems of Sinomenium acutum. SINO has been reported to exert …

Rationale: Pain and depression, which tend to occur simultaneously and share some
common neural circuits and neurotransmitters, are highly prevalent complication in patients …

Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion is a grave condition with high morbidity and mortality in
perioperative and critical care settings and causes multiple organ injuries beyond the …