Abstract 4D printing refers to single-material or multi-material printing of a device or object
that can be transformed from a 1D strand into pre-programed 3D shape, from a 2D surface …

Although chitin is of the most available biopolymers on Earth its uses and applications are
limited due to its low solubility. The deacetylation of chitin leads to chitosan. This biopolymer …

Advances in nanomedicine, including early cancer detection, targeted drug delivery, and
personalized approaches to cancer treatment are on the rise. For example, targeted drug …

This Review is an overview of the unique characteristics of cyclodextrin in forming an
inclusion complex via host–guest noncovalent interactions. The modification of cyclodextrin …

Biopolymers-based aerogels have gained the attention of many scientists in medical and
pharmaceutical applications. Biopolymers-based aerogels are utilized extensively in the …

Significant advances in materials, microscale technology, and stem cell biology have
enabled the construction of 3D tissues and organs, which will ultimately lead to more …

Hydrogels based on cellulose comprising many organic biopolymers including cellulose,
chitin, and chitosan are the hydrophilic material, which can absorb and retain a huge …

Smart materials, also known as intelligent materials, which are responsive to the external
stimuli including heat, moisture, stress, pH, and magnetic fields, have found extensive …

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting enables a controlled deposition of cells,
biomaterials, and biological compounds (ie, bioinks) to build complex 3D biological models …

Targeted delivery combined with controlled drug release has a pivotal role in the future of
personalized medicine. This review covers the principles, advantages, and drawbacks of …