Innate and adaptive immunity represent a harmonic counterbalanced system involved in the
induction, progression, and possibly resolution of the inflammatory reaction that characterize …

Rheumatoid arthritis is a heterogeneous disease, which can be, based on data combining
genetic risk factors and autoantibodies, sub-classified into ACPA-positive and-negative RA …

Immune-regulatory mechanisms of drug-free remission in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are
unknown. We hypothesized that synovial tissue macrophages (STM), which persist in …

There have been many chapters written about macrophage polarization. These chapters
generally focus on the role of macrophages in orchestrating immune responses by …

Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic, immune-mediated, inflammatory arthropathy that presents with
inflammation of the joints and entheses, including those of the axial skeleton, and is …

Tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) are heterogeneous populations originating either
from monocytes or embryonic progenitors, and distribute in lymphoid and non-lymphoid …

Synovial tissue macrophages (STMs) were principally recognized as having a pro-
inflammatory role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), serving as the main producers of pathogenic …

Effective treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) remains a huge clinical challenge despite major
research efforts. Different tissues and cell-types within the joint contribute to disease …

Metabolomic studies of body fluids show that immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases such
as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are associated with metabolic disruption. This is likely to reflect …

Infiltration of memory CD4+ T cells in synovial joints of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients
has been reported since decades. Moreover, several genome wide association studies …