BACKGROUND Mammalian germ cells differentiate into oocytes in females and
spermatozoa in males. An oocyte and a spermatozoon fuse to form a zygote and then …

The peri-implantation window of mammalian development is the crucial window for
primordial germ cell (PGC) specification. Whereas pre-implantation dynamics are relatively …

Mammalian male germ-cell development consists of three distinct phases: primordial germ
cell (PGC) development, male germ-cell specification for spermatogonium development …

Bivalent chromatin is characterized by the simultaneous presence of H3K4me3 and
H3K27me3, histone modifications generally associated with transcriptionally active and …

In vitro gametogenesis, the process of generating gametes from pluripotent cells in culture,
is a powerful tool for improving our understanding of germ cell development and an …

Human in vitro gametogenesis may transform reproductive medicine. Human pluripotent
stem cells (hPSCs) have been induced into primordial germ cell–like cells (hPGCLCs); …

De novo DNA methylation (DNAme) in mammalian germ cells is dependent on DNMT3A
and DNMT3L. However, oocytes and spermatozoa show distinct patterns of DNAme. In …

Abstract Inhibitors of Mek1/2 and Gsk3β, known as 2i, enhance the derivation of embryonic
stem (ES) cells and promote ground-state pluripotency in rodents,. Here we show that the …

Pluripotency is highly dynamic and progresses through a continuum of pluripotent stem cell
states. The two states that bookend the pluripotency continuum, naive and primed, are well …

INTRODUCTION Mammals generate sexually dimorphic germ cells, oocytes and
spermatozoa, which form the basis for sexual reproduction. Studies in mice have shown that …