Antiretroviral therapy can effectively block HIV-1 replication and prevent or reverse
immunodeficiency in HIV-1-infected individuals. However, viral replication resumes within …

Antiretroviral therapy is not curative. Given the challenges in providing lifelong therapy to a
global population of more than 35 million people living with HIV, there is intense interest in …

Antiretroviral therapy fails to cure HIV-1 infection because latent proviruses persist in resting
CD4+ T cells. T cell activation reverses latency, but< 1% of proviruses are induced to …

Despite antiretroviral therapy, HIV-1 persists in memory CD4+ T cells, creating a barrier to
cure. The majority of HIV-1 proviruses are defective and considered clinically irrelevant …

Almost half of the human genome is made up of transposable elements (TEs), and about 8%
consists of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs). ERVs are remnants of ancient exogenous …

HIV-1 can establish a state of latent infection at the level of individual T cells. Latently
infected cells are rare in vivo and appear to arise when activated CD4+ T cells, the major …

Today HIV infection cannot be cured due to the presence of a reservoir of latently infected
cells inducing a viral rebound upon treatment interruption. Hence, the latent reservoir is …

Current antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively suppresses Human Immunodeficiency Virus
type 1 (HIV-1) in infected individuals. However, even long term ART does not eradicate HIV …

The opposing actions of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases
(HDACs) allow gene expression to be exquisitely regulated through chromatin remodelling …

Although combination therapy for HIV infection represents a triumph for modern medicine,
chronic suppressive therapy is required to contain persistent infection in reservoirs such as …