The importance of carbohydrate as a fuel source for exercise and athletic performance is
well established. Equally well developed are dietary carbohydrate intake guidelines for …

Endurance exercise performance is known to be closely associated with the three
physiological pillars of maximal O2 uptake (V ̇ O 2 max ̇V_\rmO_2\rmmax), economy or …

Strenuous exercise is synonymous with disturbing gastrointestinal integrity and function,
subsequently prompting systemic immune responses and exercise-associated …

Ultra-endurance has been defined as any exercise bout that exceeds 6 h. A number of
exceptional, record-breaking performances by female athletes in ultra-endurance sport have …

Ultra-endurance running (UER) poses extreme mental and physical challenges that present
many barriers to completion, let alone performance. Despite these challenges, participation …

Nutrient timing involves manipulation of nutrient consumption at specific times in and around
exercise bouts in an effort to improve performance, recovery, and adaptation. Its historical …

Carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation during prolonged exercise postpones fatigue.
However, the optimum administration timing, dosage, type of CHO intake, and possible …

This report aims to summarise the scientific knowledge around hydration, nutrition, and
metabolism at high altitudes and to transfer it into the practical context of extreme altitude …

Background: Current carbohydrate (CHO) intake recommendations for ultra-trail activities
lasting more than 2.5 h is 90 g/h. However, the benefits of ingesting 120 g/h during a …

Based on extrapolation of current trends in modern soccer, physiological loading has
increased markedly, and the game will continue to become even more demanding in the …