Chronic lower back pain (CLBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in
modern society which seriously impacts the people's daily life [1]. Approximately 70–85 …

Abstract Background and Objectives Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-
OCT) findings in substance use disorders have been investigated in recent years. In this …

Opioids produce their main pharmacologic effects by interacting with opioid receptors, which
are typical of the G protein–coupled family of receptors widely found in biology (eg, β …

Various types of pain were reported by people with Plasmodium falciparum and were mostly
attributed to a symptom of malarial infection. Neural processes of pain sensation during …

Abstract Purpose of Review To review the pharmacology of buprenorphine, the evolution of
buprenorphine dosing recommendations, and the current literature regarding its …

With the growing public health problem of opioid misuse, addiction, and overdose, the
number of patients presenting for surgery and anesthesia who may be opioid-dependent or …

Background: Opioids are frequently used to manage chronic non-cancer pain despite the
lack of evidence of benefit and clear evidence of opioid-related harms. Patients undergoing …

El estreñimiento inducido por opioides (EIO) constituye un problema clínico emergente que
empeora la calidad de vida de los pacientes que requieren el uso de opioides para el …

Special age groups (children, adolescents, older adults) have special characteristics when it
comes to pain assessment, pain experience, and pain management. The first objectives of …

Derived from thebaine, an alkaloid found in the Papaver somniferum plant, buprenorphine is
a semisynthetic, centrally acting, partial agonist for the opioid receptor. It is used clinically as …